[INTRODUCTION ] IRRIGATION

   (IRRIGATION)  [CIVIL ENGINEERING]

INTRODUCTION

IRRIGATION:- The art, science and practice of supplying water artificially to land for producing crops is called Irrigation.

NECESSITY OF IRRIGATION:-

                                                        

1)      Non uniformity of rainfall:- 
                                                 Rainfall varies place to place as Punjab, Rajasthan, etc. rainfall is not same. Therefore in order to meet the water requirements of crop, it is very essential to provide facilities for irrigation.

2)      Crop requirement:-

                                    The requirement also depends upon the type of crop, its depends upon the time of sowing & the period of maturity.

3)      Economical use of water:-

                                               The crop production can be increased by supplying of proper quantity of water at proper time.

TYPES OF IRRIGATION:-

Artificial Irrigation:-
                             The process of supplying water artificially for the purpose of irrigation the field.

              The irrigation done by construction headwork sand canal is also referred as direct irrigation or river canal irrigation.

Types of Artificial Irrigation

1)      Lift Irrigation :-

                            The process of supplying water to the field for crop production by lifting it from its sources is called Lift Irrigation.

                                                             e.g. by wells, tube wells

2)      Flow Irrigation :-

                             The process of supplying water to the by flowing water by gravity is called flow Irrigation also called canal Irrigation.

3)      Sprinkler Irrigation :-

                                     The process of irrigation in which water is applied to the land through a system of pipe network connected to fine spray nozzles is called Sprinkler Irrigation.

METHODS OF IRRIGATION

1)      Free Flooding :-

                               In this method, water is supplied through ditches. It flows across the field. This method is mostly used in India, U.S.A., Egypt etc.                                               

2)       Border Flooding:-

                               In this farm id divided into no. of strips. The width & length of each strip should not exceed 9-18 m & 100 – 400 m respectively.

3)      Check Flooding :-

                                 In this case, farm is divided into small check areas. These are surrounded on all sides by low, flat ridges.

4)      Basin Flooding :-

                               It is same as check except that it is applied to orchard.

5)      Furrow Method :-

                             In this case crops are grown by supplying water b/w crops rows. This method consists in Appling water to the field by furrow supplying 8 – 24 cm per 100 m.